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教你分分钟学会用python爬虫框架Scrapy爬取心目中的女神

Python学习交流 • 6 年前 • 708 次点击  


什么是scrapy

        Scrapy,Python开发的一个快速,高层次的屏幕抓取和web抓取框架,用于抓取web站点并从页面中提取结构化的数据。Scrapy用途广泛,可以用于数据挖掘、监测和 自动化测试 。

        Scrapy吸引人的地方在于它是一个框架,任何人都可以根据需求方便的修改。它也提供了多种类型爬虫的基类,如BaseSpider、sitemap爬虫等,最新版本又提供了web2.0爬虫的支持。

        Scratch,是抓取的意思,这个Python的爬虫框架叫Scrapy,大概也是这个意思吧,就叫它:小刮刮吧。



Scrapy 使用了 Twisted异步网络库来处理网络通讯。整体架构大致如下

小编看到这个图的样子

  • 引擎(Scrapy)
    用来处理整个系统的数据流处理, 触发事务(框架核心)

  • 调度器(Scheduler)
    用来接受引擎发过来的请求, 压入队列中, 并在引擎再次请求的时候返回. 可以想像成一个URL(抓取网页的网址或者说是链接)的优先队列, 由它来决定下一个要抓取的网址是什么, 同时去除重复的网址

  • 下载器(Downloader)
    用于下载网页内容, 并将网页内容返回给蜘蛛(Scrapy下载器是建立在twisted这个高效的异步模型上的)

  • 爬虫(Spiders)
    爬虫是主要干活的, 用于从特定的网页中提取自己需要的信息, 即所谓的实体(Item)。用户也可以从中提取出链接,让Scrapy继续抓取下一个页面

  • 项目管道(Pipeline)
    负责处理爬虫从网页中抽取的实体,主要的功能是持久化实体、验证实体的有效性、清除不需要的信息。当页面被爬虫解析后,将被发送到项目管道,并经过几个特定的次序处理数据。

  • 下载器中间件(Downloader Middlewares)
    位于Scrapy引擎和下载器之间的框架,主要是处理Scrapy引擎与下载器之间的请求及响应。

  • 爬虫中间件(Spider Middlewares)
    介于Scrapy引擎和爬虫之间的框架,主要工作是处理蜘蛛的响应输入和请求输出。

  • 调度中间件(Scheduler Middewares)
    介于Scrapy引擎和调度之间的中间件,从Scrapy引擎发送到调度的请求和响应。

Scrapy运行流程大概如下:

  1. 引擎从调度器中取出一个链接(URL)用于接下来的抓取

  2. 引擎把URL封装成一个请求(Request)传给下载器

  3. 下载器把资源下载下来,并封装成应答包(Response)

  4. 爬虫解析Response

  5. 解析出实体(Item),则交给实体管道进行进一步的处理

  6. 解析出的是链接(URL),则把URL交给调度器等待抓取

安装scrapy


基本使用

1、创建项目

运行命令:

scrapy startproject p1(your_project_name)

2.自动创建目录的结果:

文件说明:

  • scrapy.cfg  项目的配置信息,主要为Scrapy命令行工具提供一个基础的配置信息。(真正爬虫相关的配置信息在settings.py文件中)

  • items.py    设置数据存储模板,用于结构化数据,如:Django的Model

  • pipelines    数据处理行为,如:一般结构化的数据持久化

  • settings.py 配置文件,如:递归的层数、并发数,延迟下载等

  • spiders      爬虫目录,如:创建文件,编写爬虫规则


注意:一般创建爬虫文件时,以网站域名命名

3、编写爬虫

在spiders目录中新建 xiaohuar_spider.py 文件

示例代码:


#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import scrapy

 

class XiaoHuarSpider(scrapy.spiders.Spider):

    name = "xiaohuar"

    allowed_domains = ["xiaohuar.com"]

    start_urls = [

        "http://www.gg4493.cn/",

    ]

 

    def parse(self, response):

        # print(response, type(response))

        # from scrapy.http.response.html import HtmlResponse

        # print(response.body_as_unicode())

 

        current_url = response.url #爬取时请求的url

        body = response.body  #返回的html

        unicode_body = response.body_as_unicode()#返回的html unicode编码


备注:

  • 1.爬虫文件需要定义一个类,并继承scrapy.spiders.Spider

  • 2.必须定义name,即爬虫名,如果没有name,会报错。因为源码中是这样定义的:

  • 3.编写函数parse,这里需要注意的是,该函数名不能改变,因为Scrapy源码中默认callback函数的函数名就是parse;

  • 4.定义需要爬取的url,放在列表中,因为可以爬取多个url,Scrapy源码是一个For循环,从上到下爬取这些url,使用生成器迭代将url发送给下载器下载url的html。源码截图:

4、运行

进入p1目录,运行命令

scrapy crawl xiaohau --nolog

格式:scrapy crawl+爬虫名  –nolog即不显示日志

5.scrapy查询语法:

当我们爬取大量的网页,如果自己写正则匹配,会很麻烦,也很浪费时间,令人欣慰的是,scrapy内部支持更简单的查询语法,帮助我们去html中查询我们需要的标签和标签内容以及标签属性。下面逐一进行介绍:

  • 查询子子孙孙中的某个标签(以div标签为例)://div

  • 查询儿子中的某个标签(以div标签为例):/div

  • 查询标签中带有某个class属性的标签://div[@class=’c1′]即子子孙孙中标签是div且class=‘c1’的标签

  • 查询标签中带有某个class=‘c1’并且自定义属性name=‘alex’的标签://div[@class=’c1′][@name=’alex’]

  • 查询某个标签的文本内容://div/span/text() 即查询子子孙孙中div下面的span标签中的文本内容

  • 查询某个属性的值(例如查询a标签的href属性)://a/@href

示例代码:


def parse(self, response):

       # 分析页面

       # 找到页面中符合规则的内容(校花图片),保存

       # 找到所有的a标签,再访问其他a标签,一层一层的搞下去

 

       hxs = HtmlXPathSelector(response)#创建查询对象

 

       # 如果url是 http://www.xiaohuar.com/list-1-\d+.html

       if re.match('http://www.gg4493.cn/', response.url): #如果url能够匹配到需要爬取的url,即本站url

           items = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div') #select中填写查询目标,按scrapy查询语法书写

           for i in range(len(items)):

               src = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div[%d]//div[@class="img"]/a/img/@src' % i).extract() #查询所有img标签的src属性,即获取校花图片地址

               name = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div[%d]//div[@class="img"]/span/text()' % i).extract() #获取span的文本内容,即校花姓名

               school = hxs.select('//div[@class="item_list infinite_scroll"]/div[%d]//div[@class="img"]/div[@class="btns"]/a/text()' %i).extract() #校花学校

               if src:

                   ab_src = "http://www.gg4493.cn/" + src[0]#相对路径拼接

                   file_name = "%s_%s.jpg" % (school[0].encode('utf-8'), name[0].encode('utf-8')) #文件名,因为python27默认编码格式是unicode编码,因此我们需要编码成utf-8

                   file_path = os.path.join("/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/beauty/pic", file_name)

                   urllib.urlretrieve(ab_src, file_path)


注:urllib.urlretrieve(ab_src, file_path) ,接收文件路径和需要保存的路径,会自动去文件路径下载并保存到我们指定的本地路径。

递归爬取网页

上述代码仅仅实现了一个url的爬取,如果该url的爬取的内容中包含了其他url,而我们也想对其进行爬取,那么如何实现递归爬取网页呢?

示例代码:

# 获取所有的url,继续访问,并在其中寻找相同的url

        all_urls = hxs.select('//a/@href').extract()

        for url in all_urls:

            if url.startswith('http://www.gg4493.cn/'):

                yield Request(url, callback=self.parse)

即通过yield生成器向每一个url发送request请求,并执行返回函数parse,从而递归获取校花图片和校花姓名学校等信息。

注:可以修改settings.py 中的配置文件,以此来指定“递归”的层数,如: DEPTH_LIMIT = 1

6.scrapy查询语法中的正则:

from scrapy.selector import Selector

from scrapy.http import HtmlResponse

html = """

en">

    UTF-8">

    </span></p><p><span class="crayon-s"/></p><p><span class="crayon-s"/></p><p><span class="crayon-s">    <li class="<span class=" crayon-v="">item<span class="crayon-o">-<span class="crayon-s">"><a href="<span class=" crayon-v="">link<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-i">html<span class="crayon-s">">first item</span></span></span></a></span></span></li></span></p><p><span class="crayon-s">    <li class="<span class=" crayon-v="">item<span class="crayon-o">-<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-s">"><a href="<span class=" crayon-v="">link1<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-i">html<span class="crayon-s">">first item</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></li></span></p><p><span class="crayon-s">    <li class="<span class=" crayon-v="">item<span class="crayon-o">-<span class="crayon-cn">1<span class="crayon-s">"><a href="<span class=" crayon-v="">link2<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-i" <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1837452791782084" data-ad-slot="7041996284"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> html<span class="crayon-s">">second item</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></li></span></p><p><span class="crayon-s"/></p><p><span class="crayon-s"/></p><p><span class="crayon-s">"<span class="crayon-s">""</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">HtmlResponse<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-s">'http://www.gg4493.cn/'<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">body<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-v">html<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-v">encoding<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-s">'utf-8'<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-v">ret<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">Selector<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">xpath<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//li[re:test(@class, "item-\d*")]//@href'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">print<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">ret<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></p></blockquote><ul style="margin-left: 30px;" class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p>语法规则:Selector(response=response查询对象).xpath(‘//li[re:test(@class, “item-d*”)]//@href’).extract(),即根据re正则匹配,test即匹配,属性名是class,匹配的正则表达式是”item-d*”,然后获取该标签的href属性。</p></li></ul><p> </p><blockquote><p><span class="crayon-p">#!/usr/bin/env python</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p"># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">scrapy</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">hashlib</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">tutorial<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">items <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">JinLuoSiItem</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">http <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">Request</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">selector <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">HtmlXPathSelector</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-t">class<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">JinLuoSiSpider<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">spiders<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">Spider<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">count<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-cn">0</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">url_set<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">set<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">name<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">"jluosi"</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">domain<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">'http://www.girl4493.cn/'</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">allowed_domains<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">"jluosi.com"<span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">start_urls<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">[</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-s">"http://www.mimi131.cn/"<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">parse<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">md5_obj<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hashlib<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">md5<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">md5_obj<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">update<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">md5_url<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">md5_obj<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">hexdigest<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">md5_url <span class="crayon-st">in<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">JinLuoSiSpider<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url_set<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-e">pass</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">        <span class="crayon-st">else<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">JinLuoSiSpider<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url_set<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">add<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">md5_url<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">HtmlXPathSelector<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">startswith<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'http://www.jluosi.com:80/ec/goodsDetail.action'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">JinLuoSiItem<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'company'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//div[@class="ShopAddress"]/ul/li[1]/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'link'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//div[@class="ShopAddress"]/ul/li[2]/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'qq'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//div[@class="ShopAddress"]//a/@href'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy" <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1837452791782084" data-ad-slot="7041996284"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> .<span class="crayon-e">re<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'.*uin=(?P<qq>\d*)&'<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></qq></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'address'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//div[@class="ShopAddress"]/ul/li[4]/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'title'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//h1[@class="goodsDetail_goodsName"]/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'unit'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr[1]//td[3]/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">product_list<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">product_tr<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr'<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-st">for<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-i">i<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-st">in<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">range<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-cn">2<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-e">len<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">product_tr<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                    <span class="crayon-v">temp<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">{</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                        <span class="crayon-s">'standard'<span class="crayon-o">:<span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr[%d]//td[2]/text()'<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">%<span class="crayon-v">i<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">strip<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                        <span class="crayon-s">'price'<span class="crayon-o">:<span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//table[@class="R_WebDetail_content_tab"]//tr[%d]//td[3]/text()'<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">%<span class="crayon-v">i<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">strip<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                    <span class="crayon-sy">}</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                    <span class="crayon-v">product_list<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">append<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">temp<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'product_list'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">product_list</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">                <span class="crayon-e">yield <span class="crayon-e">item</span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-e">            <span class="crayon-v">current_page_urls<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//a/@href'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-st">for<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-i">i<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-st">in<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">range<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-e">len<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">current_page_urls<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">current_page_urls<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-v">i<span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">startswith<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'http://www.baby199.cn'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                    <span class="crayon-v">url_ab<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">url</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">                    <span class="crayon-e">yield <span class="crayon-e">Request<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">url_ab<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">callback<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">parse<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><strong><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">选择器规则Demo</span></strong></p><p style="text-align: left;"/><blockquote><p><span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">parse<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">http<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">cookies <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">CookieJar</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">    <span class="crayon-v">cookieJar<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">CookieJar<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">cookieJar<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e" <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1837452791782084" data-ad-slot="7041996284"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> extract_cookies<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">request<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">print<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">cookieJar<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">_cookies<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"/><p style="margin: 10px auto;">获取响应cookie</p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">更多选择器规则:http://www.baby98.cn/</p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>7、格式化处理</strong></p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">上述实例只是简单的图片处理,所以在parse方法中直接处理。如果对于想要获取更多的数据(获取页面的价格、商品名称、QQ等),则可以利用Scrapy的items将数据格式化,然后统一交由pipelines来处理。即不同功能用不同文件实现。</p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">items:即用户需要爬取哪些数据,是用来格式化数据,并告诉pipelines哪些数据需要保存。</p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">示例items.py文件:</p><blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-</span><br/></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-p"># Define here the models for your scraped items</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p">#</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p"># See documentation in:</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p"># http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html</span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">scrapy</span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-t">class<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">JieYiCaiItem<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">Item<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">company<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">Field<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">title<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">Field<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">qq<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">Field<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">info<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">Field<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">more<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">Field<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">即:需要爬取所有url中的公司名,title,qq,基本信息info,更多信息more。</p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">上述定义模板,以后对于从请求的源码中获取的数据同样按照此结构来获取,所以在spider中需要有一下操作:</p><blockquote><p><span class="crayon-p">#!/usr/bin/env python</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p"># -*- coding:utf-8 -*-</span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">scrapy</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">hashlib</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">beauty<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">items <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">JieYiCaiItem</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">http <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">Request</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">selector <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">HtmlXPathSelector</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">spiders <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-v">CrawlSpider<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">Rule</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">linkextractors <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">LinkExtractor</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-t">class<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">JieYiCaiSpider<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">scrapy<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">spiders<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">Spider<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">count<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-cn">0</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">url_set<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">set<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">name<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">"jieyicai"</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">domain<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">'http://www.meimei233.com'</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">allowed_domains<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">"jieyicai.com"<span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">start_urls<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">[</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-s">"http://www.meimei333.com"<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-v">rules<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">[</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-p">#下面是符合规则的网址,但是不抓取内容,只是提取该页的链接(这里网址是虚构的,实际使用时请替换)</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-p">#Rule(SgmlLinkExtractor(allow=(r'http://test_url/test?page_index=\d+'))),</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-p">#下面是符合规则的网址,提取内容,(这里网址是虚构的,实际使用时请替换)</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-p">#Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=(r'http://www.jieyicai.com/Product/Detail.aspx?pid=\d+')), callback="parse"),</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">parse<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">md5_obj<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hashlib<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">md5<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">md5_obj<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">update<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v" <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1837452791782084" data-ad-slot="7041996284"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> response<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">md5_url<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">md5_obj<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">hexdigest<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">md5_url <span class="crayon-st">in<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">JieYiCaiSpider<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url_set<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-e">pass</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">        <span class="crayon-st">else<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">JieYiCaiSpider<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url_set<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">add<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">md5_url<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            </span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">HtmlXPathSelector<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">response<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">startswith<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'http://www.jieyicai.com/Product/Detail.aspx'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">JieYiCaiItem<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'company'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//span[@class="username g-fs-14"]/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'qq'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//span[@class="g-left bor1qq"]/a/@href'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">re<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'.*uin=(?P<qq>\d*)&'<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></qq></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'info'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//div[@class="padd20 bor1 comard"]/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'more'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//li[@class="style4"]/a/@href'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'title'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//div[@class="g-left prodetail-text"]/h2/text()'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-e">yield <span class="crayon-e">item</span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-e">            <span class="crayon-v">current_page_urls<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">hxs<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">select<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'//a/@href'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">extract<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-st">for<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-i">i<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-st">in<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">range<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-e">len<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">current_page_urls<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">current_page_urls<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-v">i<span class="crayon-sy">]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">url<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">startswith<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'/'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                    <span class="crayon-v">url_ab<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">JieYiCaiSpider<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">domain<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">+<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">url</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">                    <span class="crayon-e">yield <span class="crayon-e">Request<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">url_ab<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">callback<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">parse<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></blockquote><p> </p><p/><p style="margin: 10px auto;">spider</p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">上述代码中:对url进行md5加密的目的是避免url过长,也方便保存在缓存或数据库中。</p><p style="margin: 10px auto;font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此处代码的关键在于:</p><ul style="margin-left: 30px;" class=" list-paddingleft-2"><li><p>将获取的数据封装在了Item对象中</p></li><li><p>yield Item对象 (一旦parse中执行yield Item对象,则自动将该对象交个pipelines的类来处理)</p></li></ul><blockquote><p><span class="crayon-p"># -*- coding: utf-8 -*-</span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-p"># Define your item pipelines here</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p">#</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p"># Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p"># See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html</span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">json</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">from <span class="crayon-v">twisted<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">enterprise <span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">adbapi</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-v">MySQLdb<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">cursors</span></span></span <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1837452791782084" data-ad-slot="7041996284"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">import <span class="crayon-e">re</span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-v">mobile_re<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">re<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">compile<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-i">r<span class="crayon-s">'(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}'<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-v">phone_re<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">re<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">compile<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-i">r<span class="crayon-s">'(\d+-\d+|\d+)'<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-t">class<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">JsonPipeline<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-t">object<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">__init__<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">file<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">open<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'/Users/wupeiqi/PycharmProjects/beauty/beauty/jieyicai.json'<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">'wb'<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">process_item<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">spider<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">line<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">"%s  %s\n"<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">%<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'company'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">encode<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'utf-8'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'title'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">encode<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'utf-8'<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">file<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">write<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">line<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-st">return<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">item</span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-t">class<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">DBPipeline<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-t">object<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">__init__<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">db_pool<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">adbapi<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">ConnectionPool<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">'MySQLdb'<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                                             <span class="crayon-v">db<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-s">'DbCenter'<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                                             <span class="crayon-v">user<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-s">'root'<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                                             <span class="crayon-v">passwd<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-s">'123'<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                                             <span class="crayon-v">cursorclass<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-v">MySQLdb<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">cursors<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">DictCursor<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                                             <span class="crayon-v">use_unicode<span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-t">True<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">process_item<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">spider<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">query<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">db_pool<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">runInteraction<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">_conditional_insert<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">query<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">addErrback<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-v">handle_error<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-st">return<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">item</span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-e">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">_conditional_insert<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">tx<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">tx<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">execute<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">"select nid from company where company = %s"<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'company'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-v">result<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">tx<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">fetchone<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">result<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-e">pass</span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-e">        <span class="crayon-st">else<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">phone_obj<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">phone_re<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">search<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy" <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-1837452791782084" data-ad-slot="7041996284"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> [<span class="crayon-s">'info'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">strip<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">phone<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">phone_obj<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">group<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">phone_obj <span class="crayon-st">else<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">' '</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">mobile_obj<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">mobile_re<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">search<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'info'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">1<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">strip<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">mobile<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">mobile_obj<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">group<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-st">if<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-e">mobile_obj <span class="crayon-st">else<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">' '</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">values<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">(</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'company'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'qq'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">phone<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">mobile<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'info'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">2<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">strip<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">                <span class="crayon-v">item<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-s">'more'<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">[<span class="crayon-cn">0<span class="crayon-sy">]<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">            <span class="crayon-v">tx<span class="crayon-sy">.<span class="crayon-e">execute<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-s">"insert into company(company,qq,phone,mobile,address,more) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)"<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">values<span class="crayon-sy">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p> </p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-e">def <span class="crayon-e">handle_error<span class="crayon-sy">(<span class="crayon-r">self<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-v">e<span class="crayon-sy">)<span class="crayon-o">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">        <span class="crayon-i">print<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-s">'error'<span class="crayon-sy">,<span class="crayon-i">e</span></span></span></span></span></span></p></blockquote><p><span style="line-height: 1.6;"/><br/></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">上述代码中多个类的目的是,可以同时保存在文件和数据库中,保存的优先级可以在配置文件settings中定义。</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"/><blockquote><p><span class="crayon-v">ITEM_PIPELINES<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-o">=<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-sy">{</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-s">'beauty.pipelines.DBPipeline'<span class="crayon-o">:<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-cn">300<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-h">    <span class="crayon-s">'beauty.pipelines.JsonPipeline'<span class="crayon-o">:<span class="crayon-h"> <span class="crayon-cn">100<span class="crayon-sy">,</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span class="crayon-sy">}</span></p><p><span class="crayon-p"># 每行后面的整型值,确定了他们运行的顺序,item按数字从低到高的顺序,通过pipeline,通常将这些数字定义在0-1000范围内。</span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 22.9091px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">总结:本文对python爬虫框架Scrapy做了详细分析和实例讲解</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"/><section class="editor "><section class="96wx-bdc" style="margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;padding: 1px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border: 1px solid rgb(182, 228, 253);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="96wx-bdc" style="padding: 1px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border: 1px solid rgb(182, 228, 253);color: inherit;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="96wx-bdc" style="padding: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;border: 1px solid rgb(182, 228, 253);color: inherit;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><section class="96wx-bdc" style="margin: 15px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;color: inherit;border-color: rgb(182, 228, 253);word-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(5, 115, 175);border-color: rgb(182, 228, 253);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6000003814697px;border-color: rgb(182, 228, 253);color: inherit;">作者:yangjijue</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(5, 115, 175);border-color: rgb(182, 228, 253);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6000003814697px;border-color: rgb(182, 228, 253);color: inherit;">源自:http://www.cnblogs.com/yangjiyue/p/7821785.html</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(5, 115, 175);border-color: rgb(182, 228, 253);box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6000003814697px;border-color: rgb(182, 228, 253);color: inherit;">声明: 文章著作权归作者所有,如有侵权,请联系小编删除</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><p><img data-type="gif" data-copyright="0" style="max-width: 600px" class="" data-ratio="1.1830769230769231" data-w="650" 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