◆mysqld-exporter介绍

mysqld_exporter是一个开源的MySQL数据库指标收集器，它可以将MySQL数据库的各种指标数据输出为Prometheus所需的格式，使得您可以使用Prometheus来监控和分析MySQL数据库的运行情况。

mysqld_exporter可以收集MySQL数据库的诸如查询数量、响应时间、连接数、缓存命中率、锁等指标数据，并将这些数据输出为Prometheus所需的格式。它可以通过多种方式连接到MySQL数据库，并支持多种配置选项，以便您根据自己的需要进行定制化配置。

通过使用mysqld_exporter，您可以实时监控MySQL数据库的运行状态，及时发现并解决潜在的问题。mysqld_exporter还提供了一些有用的指标数据，例如慢查询、锁争用、缓存命中率等，这些数据可以帮助您更好地了解MySQL数据库的性能和健康状况。

总的来说，mysqld_exporter是一个非常有用的工具，可以帮助您更好地监控和管理MySQL数据库。

◆mysqld_exporter常见问题和解决方法

1. 连接MySQL数据库失败

这可能是由于MySQL数据库的连接配置不正确或者MySQL数据库没有授权mysqld_exporter连接所需的权限。解决方法是检查连接配置是否正确，确保MySQL数据库授权了mysqld_exporter连接所需的权限。

2. 指标数据不准确或缺失

这可能是由于mysqld_exporter配置不正确或者MySQL数据库出现了问题。解决方法是检查mysqld_exporter配置是否正确，确保MySQL数据库正常运行且没有出现问题。

3. 内存占用过高

这可能是由于mysqld_exporter默认配置下会缓存MySQL数据库的所有指标数据，导致内存占用过高。解决方法是调整mysqld_exporter的配置，减少缓存数据的数量或缓存时间。

4. 安全性问题

默认情况下，mysqld_exporter不进行身份验证或加密，可能会存在安全风险。解决方法是配置mysqld_exporter进行身份验证和加密，以确保数据安全性。

5. 版本兼容性问题

mysqld_exporter和MySQL数据库的版本兼容性可能存在问题，导致无法正确收集指标数据。解决方法是查看mysqld_exporter和MySQL数据库的版本兼容性，并确保使用兼容的版本。

总的来说，要确保mysqld_exporter正常运行并收集准确的指标数据，需要仔细配置和调试，并及时解决出现的问题。

◆mysqld-exporter常用告警规则

• MySQL down

MySQL instance is down on {{ $labels.instance }}

  - alert: MysqlDown
    expr: mysql_up == 0
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL down (instance {{ $labels.instance }})



    
      description: "MySQL instance is down on {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL too many connections (> 80%)

More than 80% of MySQL connections are in use on {{ $labels.instance }}

  - alert: MysqlTooManyConnections(>80%)
    expr: max_over_time(mysql_global_status_threads_connected[1m]) / mysql_global_variables_max_connections * 100 > 80
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL too many connections (> 80%) (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "More than 80% of MySQL connections are in use on {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL high threads running

More than 60% of MySQL connections are in running state on {{ $labels.instance }}

  - alert: MysqlHighThreadsRunning
    expr: max_over_time(mysql_global_status_threads_running[1m]) / mysql_global_variables_max_connections * 100 > 60
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL high threads running (instance {{ $labels.instance


    
 }})
      description: "More than 60% of MySQL connections are in running state on {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL Slave IO thread not running

MySQL Slave IO thread not running on {{ $labels.instance }}

  - alert: MysqlSlaveIoThreadNotRunning
    expr: ( mysql_slave_status_slave_io_running and ON (instance) mysql_slave_status_master_server_id > 0 ) == 0
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL Slave IO thread not running (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL Slave IO thread not running on {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL Slave SQL thread not running

MySQL Slave SQL thread not running on {{ $labels.instance }}

  - alert: MysqlSlaveSqlThreadNotRunning
    expr: ( mysql_slave_status_slave_sql_running and ON (instance) mysql_slave_status_master_server_id > 0) == 0
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL Slave


    
 SQL thread not running (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL Slave SQL thread not running on {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL Slave replication lag

MySQL replication lag on {{ $labels.instance }}

  - alert: MysqlSlaveReplicationLag
    expr: ( (mysql_slave_status_seconds_behind_master - mysql_slave_status_sql_delay) and ON (instance) mysql_slave_status_master_server_id > 0 ) > 30
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL Slave replication lag (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL replication lag on {{ $labels.instance }}\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL slow queries

MySQL server mysql has some new slow query

  - alert: MysqlSlowQueries
    expr: increase(mysql_global_status_slow_queries[1m]) > 0
    for: 2m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL slow queries


    
 (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL server mysql has some new slow query.\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL InnoDB log waits

MySQL innodb log writes stalling

  - alert: MysqlInnodbLogWaits
    expr: rate(mysql_global_status_innodb_log_waits[15m]) > 10
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL InnoDB log waits (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL innodb log writes stalling\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

• MySQL restarted

MySQL has just been restarted, less than one minute ago on {{ $labels.instance }}.

  - alert: MysqlRestarted
    expr: mysql_global_status_uptime < 60
    for: 0m
    labels:
      severity: info
    annotations:
      summary: MySQL restarted (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      description: "MySQL has just been restarted, less than one minute ago

来源：https://www.toutiao.com/article/7243071976682668578/?log_from=fc40922d0781c_1686702522723

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