你可以用 list comprehension , max random 功能:

import random
data = {'banana': 3, 'apple': 2, 'cherry': 1, 'orange': 3}
result = [i for i, v in data.items() if v == max(data.values())]
print (random.choice(result))

# With simple for loop and if condition
result_1 = []
for i, v in data.items():
    if v == max(data.values()):
        result_1.append(i)
print (random.choice(result_1))