docker run命令中小写“-p”和大写“-p”参数之间有什么区别?

根据 Docker Run Docs :

-P         : Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces

-p=[]      : Publish a container's port or a range of ports to the host
               format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort | containerPort
               Both hostPort and containerPort can be specified as a
               range of ports. When specifying ranges for both, the
               number of container ports in the range must match the
               number of host ports in the range, for example:
                   -p 1234-1236:1234-1236/tcp

从 documentation :

P选项将所有端口发布到主机接口。Docker将每个公开的端口绑定到主机上的一个随机端口。端口范围在/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range定义的临时端口范围内。

使用-p标志显式映射单个端口或端口范围。