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在Azure Devops上的Linux上的pyinstaller中找不到Python库

孔祥瑞 • 4 年前 • 453 次点击  

我在Linux中安装了python

$ which python
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python

我还有pyinstaller

$ which pyinstaller
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller

现在我已经在/home/username/test/directory中创建了一个示例python文件hello.py

print "Hello World!!"

使用pyinstaller,当我试图使用以下命令为它创建一个可执行文件时,我得到

IOError:找不到Python库:libpython2.7mu.so.1.0, libpython2.7.so.1.0,libpython2.7m.so.1.0

 $ pyinstaller hello.py

 532 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.2.1
 532 INFO: Python: 2.7.6
 534 INFO: Platform: Linux-2.6.18-371.el5-x86_64-with-redhat-5.10-Tikanga
 536 INFO: wrote /home/username/test/hello.spec
 591 INFO: UPX is not available.
 602 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
 ['/home/username/test', '/home/username/test']
 602 INFO: checking Analysis
 602 INFO: Building Analysis because out00-Analysis.toc is non existent
 603 INFO: Initializing module dependency graph...
 639 INFO: Initializing module graph hooks...
 757 INFO: running Analysis out00-Analysis.toc
 819 INFO: Caching module hooks...
 858 INFO: Analyzing /home/username/test/hello.py
 859 INFO: Loading module hooks...
 860 INFO: Loading module hook "hook-encodings.py"...
 6735 INFO: Looking for ctypes DLLs
 6736 INFO: Analyzing run-time hooks ...
 6741 INFO: Looking for dynamic libraries
 7285 INFO: Looking for eggs
 7286 INFO: Python library not in binary depedencies. Doing additional searching...
 Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/pyinstaller", line 9, in <module>
   load_entry_point('PyInstaller==3.2.1', 'console_scripts', 'pyinstaller')()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 90, in run
   run_build(pyi_config, spec_file, **vars(args))
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/__main__.py", line 46, in 
   run_build PyInstaller.building.build_main.main(pyi_config, spec_file, **kwargs)
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 788, in main
   build(specfile, kw.get('distpath'), kw.get('workpath'), kw.get('clean_build'))
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py",      
 line 734, in build
   exec(text, spec_namespace)
 File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-     
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 212, in __init__
   self.__postinit__()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/datastruct.py", 
 line 161, in __postinit__
   self.assemble()
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 543, in assemble
   self._check_python_library(self.binaries)
 File "/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib/python2.7/site-
 packages/PyInstaller-3.2.1-py2.7.egg/PyInstaller/building/build_main.py", 
 line 626, in _check_python_library
   raise IOError(msg)
 IOError: Python library not found: libpython2.7mu.so.1.0, libpython2.7.so.1.0, libpython2.7m.so.1.0
 This would mean your Python installation doesn't come with proper library files.
 This usually happens by missing development package, or unsuitable build parameters of Python installation.

 * On Debian/Ubuntu, you would need to install Python development packages
 * apt-get install python3-dev
 * apt-get install python-dev
 * If you're building Python by yourself, please rebuild your Python with `--enable-shared` (or, `--enable-framework` on Darwin)

请告诉我如何解决此错误并使用它创建单个可执行文件。

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文章 [ 1 ]  |  最新文章 4 年前
Gino Mempin
Reply   •   1 楼
Gino Mempin    4 年前

你好像有点不标准 python 安装:

我在Linux中安装了python

$ which python 
/grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/bin/python

可能会导致 pyinstaller 找不到 libpython 系统中的文件。从 When Things Go Wrong 部分 pyinstaller安装程序 文件:

但是,其中一个错误可能令人费解: IOError("Python library not found!") PyInstaller需要打包Python库,它是 Python解释器的主要部分,作为动态负载链接 图书馆。此文件的名称和位置因 正在使用平台。

在Linux和Python2.7上,当您安装 python2.7-dev ,那些 libpython* 文件通常位于 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ :

$ apt-get install python2.7-dev
$ find /usr/lib -name libpython*
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7-pic.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/python2.7/config-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.a
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so

在我的机器上,当我跑 pyinstaller安装程序 在不设置任何其他选项的情况下,它会自动使用 libpython语言 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu :

1632 INFO: Python library not in binary dependencies. Doing additional searching...
1654 INFO: Using Python library /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython2.7.so.1.0 

对于使用非标准路径的案例,该帮助页还提供了一个解决方案:

PyInstaller查找python库的位置是 在不同的操作系统中是不同的,但是 /lib /usr/lib 是 已签入大多数系统。如果你不能把python库放在那里, 尝试在环境变量中设置正确的路径 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 在Linux或 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH 在OSX中。

现在,我不知道你是如何在你的系统上安装Python的,所以我不知道你的 libpython语言 文件是(或者如果它们甚至存在)。你能做的是:

  1. 找到通往 libpython语言 文件夹
    • 可能在下面 /grid/common/pkgs/python/v2.7.6/lib ?
    • 你可以的 find /path/to/pkgs -name libpython*
  2. 如果没有 libpython语言 文件,你需要先安装它。
    • 在Linux上,这通常由 apt-get install python2.7-dev
  3. 将路径添加到 libpython语言* 文件到您的 图书馆路径

另一方面,我不熟悉Azure DevOps(如您在标题中所示),但我不建议安装 蟒蛇 (以及所有其他dep/packages)到一些非标准路径,特别是当您需要引用它的其他工具时。