【Python】xls操作

（1）三方库

• 操作xls格式的表格文件：
  1. 读取：xlrd
  2. 写入：xlwt
  3. 修改（追加写入）：xlutils

（2）基本操作

• 工作簿创建、创建工作表、覆盖写入

def write_excel_xls(path, sheet_name, value):
    index = len(value)  # 获取需要写入数据的行数
    workbook = xlwt.Workbook()  # 新建一个工作簿
    sheet = workbook.add_sheet(sheet_name)  # 在工作簿中新建一个表格
    for i in range(0, index):
        for j in range(0, len(value[i])):
            sheet.write(i, j, value[i][j])  # 像表格中写入数据（对应的行和列）
    workbook.save(path)  # 保存工作簿
    print("xls格式表格写入数据成功！")

• 追加数据

def write_excel_xls_append(path, value):
    index = len(value)  # 获取需要写入数据的行数
    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(path)  # 打开工作簿
    sheets = workbook.sheet_names()  # 获取工作簿中的所有表格
    worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0])  # 获取工作簿中所有表格中的的第一个表格
    rows_old = worksheet.nrows  # 获取表格中已存在的数据的行数
    new_workbook = copy(workbook)  # 将xlrd对象拷贝转化为xlwt对象
    new_worksheet = new_workbook.get_sheet(0)  # 获取转化后工作簿中的第一个表格
    for i in range(0, index):
        for j in range(0, len(value[i])):
            new_worksheet.write(i + rows_old, j, value[i][j])  # 追加写入数据，注意是从i+rows_old行开始写入
    new_workbook.save(path)  # 保存工作簿
    print("xls格式表格【追加】写入数据成功！")

• 读取数据

def read_excel_xls(path):
    # 打开工作簿
    workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(path)
    # 获取工作簿所有的表格
    sheets = workbook.sheet_names()
    # 获取工作簿的第一个表格
    worksheet = workbook.sheet_by_name(sheets[0])
    for i in range(0, worksheet.nrows):
        for j in range(0, worksheet.ncols):
            print(worksheet.cell_value(i, j), '\t', end="")
        print()

• 测试demo

book_name_xls = 'xls格式测试工作簿.xls'

sheet_name_xls = 'xls格式测试表'

value_title = [["姓名", "性别", "年龄", "城市", "职业"], ]

value1 = [["张三", "男", "19", "杭州", "研发工程师"],
          ["李四", "男", "22", "北京", "医生"],
          ["王五", "女", "33", "珠海", "出租车司机"], ]

value2 = [["Tom", "男", "21", "西安", "测试工程师"],
          ["Jones", "女", "34", "上海", "产品经理"],
          ["Cat", "女", "56", "上海", "教师"], ]

write_excel_xls(book_name_xls, sheet_name_xls, value_title)
write_excel_xls_append(book_name_xls, value1)
write_excel_xls_append(book_name_xls, value2)
read_excel_xls(book_name_xls)