一小时学会用 Opencv 做贪吃蛇游戏（Python版）

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重磅干货，第一时间送达
作者 | 源代码•宸
来源丨CSDN博客
使用Mediapipe
水平镜像处理



    
import cvzoneimport cv2import numpy as npfrom cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽cap.set(4, 720)         # 高
detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=2)
# 处理每一帧图像while True:    success, img = cap.read()    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转    hands, img = detector.findHands(img)    cv2.imshow("Image", img)    cv2.waitKey(1)

修改代码
import cvzoneimport cv2


    
import numpy as npfrom cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽cap.set(4, 720)         # 高
detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)
# 处理每一帧图像while True:    success, img = cap.read()    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确    cv2.imshow("Image", img)    cv2.waitKey(1)
问题修复完毕
观察手的信息
import cvzoneimport cv2import numpy as np


    
from cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽cap.set(4, 720)         # 高
detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)
# 处理每一帧图像while True:    success, img = cap.read()    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确
    print(hands)
    cv2.imshow("Image", img)    cv2.waitKey(1)

输出结果
[{‘lmList’: [[1088, 633, 0], [1012, 655, -24], [940, 629, -32], [894, 596, -35], [875, 562, -36], [949, 504, -17], [891, 441, -16], [862, 419, -16], [838, 403, -16], [995, 480, -3], [943, 418, 8], [924, 426, 17], [920, 440, 22], [1044, 480, 8], [998, 455, 17], [987, 489, 21], [993, 513, 23], [1085, 492, 19], [1048, 477, 27], [1036, 505, 35], [1041, 528, 40]], ‘bbox’: (838, 403, 250, 252), ‘center’: (963, 529), ‘type’: ‘Left’}]
做个小蛇
import math
import cvzone


    
import cv2import numpy as npfrom cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽cap.set(4, 720)         # 高
detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)

class SnakeGameClass:    def __init__(self):             # 构造方法        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点
    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法
        px, py = self.previousHead        cx, cy = currentHead
        self


    
.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点        distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离        self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容        self.currentLength += distance        self.previousHead = cx, cy
        # Draw Snake        for i, point in enumerate(self.points):            if i != 0:                cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)        # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点        cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)        return imgMain
game = SnakeGameClass()
# 处理每一帧图像while True:     # 不断迭代更新    success, img = cap.read()    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确
    if hands:        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表


    
        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)
    cv2.imshow("Image", img)    cv2.waitKey(1)
添加甜甜圈
import mathimport random
import cvzoneimport cv2import numpy as npfrom cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽cap.set(4, 720)         # 高
detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)

class SnakeGameClass:    def __init__(self, pathFood):             # 构造方法        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点


    
        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点
        self.imgFood = cv2.imread(pathFood, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)        self.hFood, self.wFood, _ = self.imgFood.shape        self.foodPoint = 0, 0        self.randomFoodLocation()
    def randomFoodLocation(self):        self.foodPoint = random.randint(100, 1000), random.randint(100, 600)

    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法
        px, py = self.previousHead        cx, cy = currentHead
        self.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点        distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离        self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容        self.currentLength += distance        self.previousHead = cx, cy
        # Length Reduction        if self.currentLength > self.allowedLength:            for i, length in enumerate(self.lengths):


    
                self.currentLength -= length                self.lengths.pop(i)                self.points.pop(i)                if self.currentLength < self.allowedLength:                    break

        # Draw Snake        if self.points:            for i, point in enumerate(self.points):                 if i != 0:                    cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)            # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点            cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)
        # Draw Food        rx, ry = self.foodPoint        imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,                                    (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))

        return imgMain
game = SnakeGameClass("donut.png")
# 处理每一帧图像while True:     # 不断迭代更新    success, img = cap.read()


    
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确
    if hands:        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)
    cv2.imshow("Image", img)    cv2.waitKey(1)
donut.png
部分代码解释说明
imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,                                    (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))

为什么不是
imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood, (rx , ry))
那是因为，随机生成一个点后，有坐标（x，y）
增加分数机制


    
import mathimport random
import cvzoneimport cv2import numpy as npfrom cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽cap.set(4, 720)         # 高
detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)

class SnakeGameClass:    def __init__(self, pathFood):             # 构造方法        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点
        self.imgFood = cv2.imread(pathFood, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)


    
        self.hFood, self.wFood, _ = self.imgFood.shape        self.foodPoint = 0, 0        self.randomFoodLocation()
        self.score = 0
    def randomFoodLocation(self):        self.foodPoint = random.randint(100, 1000), random.randint(100, 600)

    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法
        px, py = self.previousHead        cx, cy = currentHead
        self.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点        distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离        self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容        self.currentLength += distance        self.previousHead = cx, cy
        # Length Reduction        if self.currentLength > self.allowedLength:            for i, length in enumerate(self.lengths):                self.currentLength -= length                self.lengths.pop(i)                self.points.pop(i)                if self.currentLength < self.allowedLength:                    break



    
        # Check if snake ate the food        rx, ry = self.foodPoint        if rx - self.wFood // 2 < cx < rx + self.wFood // 2 and \                ry - self.hFood // 2 < cy < ry + self.hFood // 2:            self.randomFoodLocation()            self.allowedLength += 50            self.score += 1            print(self.score)

        # Draw Snake        if self.points:            for i, point in enumerate(self.points):                 if i != 0:                    cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)            # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点            cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)
        # Draw Food
        imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,                                    (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))

        return imgMain
game = SnakeGameClass("donut.png")



    
# 处理每一帧图像while True:     # 不断迭代更新    success, img = cap.read()    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确
    if hands:        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)
    cv2.imshow("Image", img)    cv2.waitKey(1)

完整代码
import mathimport random
import cvzoneimport cv2import numpy as npfrom cvzone.HandTrackingModule import HandDetector



    
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)   # 0代表自己电脑的摄像头cap.set(3, 1280)        # 宽cap.set(4, 720)         # 高
detector = HandDetector(detectionCon=0.8, maxHands=1)

class SnakeGameClass:    def __init__(self, pathFood):             # 构造方法        self.points = []            # 蛇身上所有的点        self.lengths = []           # 每个点之间的长度        self.currentLength = 0      # 蛇的总长        self.allowedLength = 150    # 蛇允许的总长度        self.previousHead = 0, 0    # 第二个头结点
        self.imgFood = cv2.imread(pathFood, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)        self.hFood, self.wFood, _ = self.imgFood.shape        self.foodPoint = 0, 0        self.randomFoodLocation()
        self.score = 0        self.gameOver = False
    def randomFoodLocation(self):        self.foodPoint = random.randint(100, 1000), random.randint(100, 600)



    

    def update(self, imgMain, currentHead):     # 实例方法
        if self.gameOver:            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, "Game Over", [300, 400],                               scale=7, thickness=5, offset=20)            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, f'Your Score:{self.score}', [300, 550],                               scale=7, thickness=5, offset=20)        else:            px, py = self.previousHead            cx, cy = currentHead
            self.points.append([cx, cy])             # 添加蛇的点列表节点            distance = math.hypot(cx - px, cy - py)  # 两点之间的距离            self.lengths.append(distance)            # 添加蛇的距离列表内容            self.currentLength += distance            self.previousHead = cx, cy
            # Length Reduction            if self.currentLength > self.allowedLength:                for i, length in enumerate(self.lengths):                    self.currentLength -= length                    self.lengths.pop(i)                    self.points.pop(i)                    if self.currentLength < self.allowedLength:                        break



    
            # Check if snake ate the food            rx, ry = self.foodPoint            if rx - self.wFood // 2 < cx < rx + self.wFood // 2 and \                    ry - self.hFood // 2 < cy < ry + self.hFood // 2:                self.randomFoodLocation()                self.allowedLength += 50                self.score += 1                print(self.score)

            # Draw Snake            if self.points:                for i, point in enumerate(self.points):                     if i != 0:                        cv2.line(imgMain, self.points[i - 1], self.points[i], (0, 0, 255), 20)                # 对列表最后一个点也就是蛇头画为紫色点                cv2.circle(imgMain, self.points[-1], 20, (200, 0, 200), cv2.FILLED)
            # Draw Food
            imgMain = cvzone.overlayPNG(imgMain, self.imgFood,                                        (rx - self.wFood // 2, ry - self.hFood // 2))
            cvzone.putTextRect(imgMain, f'Your Score:{self.score}', [50, 80],                               scale=3, thickness=5, offset=10)



    
            # Check for Collision            pts = np.array(self.points[:-2], np.int32)            pts = pts.reshape((-1, 1, 2))  # 重塑为一个行数未知但只有一列且每个元素有2个子元素的矩阵            cv2.polylines(imgMain, [pts], False, (0, 200, 0), 3)            # 第三个参数是False，我们得到的是不闭合的线            minDist = cv2.pointPolygonTest(pts, (cx, cy), True)            # 参数True表示输出该像素点到轮廓最近距离
            if -1 <= minDist <= 1:                print("Hit")                self.gameOver = True                self.points = []  # 蛇身上所有的点                self.lengths = []  # 每个点之间的长度                self.currentLength = 0  # 蛇的总长                self.allowedLength = 150  # 蛇允许的总长度                self.previousHead = 0, 0  # 第二个头结点                self.randomFoodLocation()

        return imgMain
game = SnakeGameClass("donut.png")
# 处理每一帧图像while True:     # 不断迭代更新    success, img = cap.read()


    
    # 翻转图像，使自身和摄像头中的自己呈镜像关系    img = cv2.flip(img, 1)      # 将手水平翻转    hands, img = detector.findHands(img, flipType=False)    # 左手是左手，右手是右手，映射正确
    if hands:        lmList = hands[0]['lmList']     # hands是由N个字典组成的列表        pointIndex = lmList[8][0:2]     # 只要食指指尖的x和y坐标        img = game.update(img, pointIndex)
    cv2.imshow("Image", img)    key = cv2.waitKey(1)    if key == ord('r'):        game.gameOver = False
来源：人工智能研究生
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