您可以使用python/c API作为解决方案(check函数 CastToSheetData )我包括下面的完整示例:

程序.py

def return_matrix():

    dataTable = []
    for r in range(0,2):
        datalist = []

        for c in range(0,2):
            datalist.append(str(r+c))

        dataTable.append(datalist)
    return dataTable

主.cpp

#include <pybind11/embed.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <string>

typedef std::list<std::list<std::string> > SheetData;

namespace py = pybind11;

SheetData CastToSheetData(PyObject *obj)
{
    SheetData data;
    PyObject *iter = PyObject_GetIter(obj);

    if (!iter)
        return data;
    while (true) {
        std::list<std::string> aux_list;
        PyObject *next = PyIter_Next(iter);
        if (!next) {
            // nothing left in the iterator
            break;
        }
        PyObject *iter2 = PyObject_GetIter(next);
        if (!iter2)
            continue;
        while(true) {
            PyObject *next2 = PyIter_Next(iter2);
            if (!next2) {
                // nothing left in the iterator
                break;
            }
            PyObject* pyStrObj = PyUnicode_AsUTF8String(next2); 
            char* zStr = PyBytes_AsString(pyStrObj); 
            std::string foo(strdup(zStr));
            aux_list.push_back(foo);
            Py_DECREF(pyStrObj);
        }
        data.push_back(aux_list);
    }

    return data;
}


int main()
{
    py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
    py::module calc = py::module::import("program");
    py::object result = calc.attr("return_matrix")();

    SheetData data = CastToSheetData(result.ptr());

    for (auto l : data)
    {
        std::cout << "[ ";
        for(auto s : l)
            std::cout << s <<  " ";
        std::cout << "]" << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

输出:

[ 0 1 ]
[ 1 2 ]

也许,到这里来最好的方法是做一个定制 type_caster 使用类似于 CastToSheetData公司 函数内部 load 方法