本文介绍如何在Matplotlib中使用LaTeX 公式和符号、Python如何生成LaTeX数学公式。
1、Matplotlib中使用LaTeX 公式和符号
一些配置
- https://mirrors.cqu.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/windows/protext/protext-3.2-033020.zip
- https://github.com/ArtifexSoftware/ghostpdl-downloads/releases/download/gs9531/gs9531w64.exe
以下两句放到环境变量中。C:\Users\xx\AppData\Local\Programs\MiKTeX 2.9\miktex\bin\x64;C:\Program Files\gs\gs9.53.1\bin;
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.style.use('fivethirtyeight')
mpl.rcParams['text.usetex'] = True#默认为false，此处设置为TRUE
Matplotlib中使用Latex字符和公式
mpl.rcParams['lines.linewidth'] = 1
fig, ax = plt.subplots(dpi=120)
N = 500
delta = 0.6
X = np.linspace(-1, 1, N)
ax.plot(X, (1 - np.tanh(4 * X / delta)) / 2,
X, (1.4 + np.tanh(4 * X / delta)) / 4, "C2",
X, X 0, "k--")
ax.set_xlabel(r'No.1: $\alpha > \beta)
#上下标，上标^，下标
ax.set_ylabel(r'No.2: $\alpha_i > \beta^i,rotation=45)
# #累加、累积
ax.legend((r'No.3: $\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^\infty x_i, r'No.4: $\displaystyle\prod_{i=0}^\infty x_i),
shadow=True, loc=(0.01, 0.52), handlelength=1.5, )
#分数
ax.set_title(r'No.4: $\frac{3}{4})
#二项式
ax.text(0.3,1.1,r'No.5: $\frac{5 - \frac{1}{x}}{4})
#开根号
ax.text(0.8,1.1,r'No.6: $\sqrt[3]{x})
#修改字体
## Roman、Italic、Typewriter、CALLIGRAPHY等
ax.text(-0.8,1.1,r'No.7: $\mathit{Italic})
ax.text(-0.8,1.0,r'$\mathsf{fonts})
#声调
ax.text(-1.2,1.1,r'No.8: $\breve a)
#选个范围
ax.text(-1.4,0.8,r'No.9: $\widetilde{xyz})
# the arrow
ax.annotate("", xy=(-delta / 2., 0.1), xytext=(delta / 2., 0.1),
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle="", connectionstyle="arc3"))
# 其它TeX symbols
ax.set_xticks([-1, 0, 1])
ax.set_xticklabels([r"No.10: $\delta$", r"$\pm$", r"$\$"], color="r", size=15)
ax.set_yticks([0, 0.5, 1])
ax.set_yticklabels([r"No.10: $\AA$", r"$\Downarrow$", "$\\odot$"], color="r", size=15)
ax.text(1.02, 0.5, r"$\phi$",fontsize=20, rotation=90,
horizontalalignment="left", verticalalignment="center",
clip_on=False, transform=ax.transAxes)
# 积分、微分公式
eq1 = (r"\begin{eqnarray*}"
r"\frac{\partial \phi}{\partial t} + U|\nabla \phi| &=& 0 "
r"\end{eqnarray*}")
ax.text(1, 0.9, eq1,horizontalalignment="right", verticalalignment="top")
eq2 = (r"\begin{eqnarray*}"
r"\mathcal{F} &=& \int f\left( \phi, c \right) dV, \\ "
r"\frac{ \partial \phi } { \partial t } &=& -M_{ \phi } "
r"\frac{ \delta \mathcal{F} } { \delta \phi }"
r"\end{eqnarray*}")
ax.text(0.18, 0.18, eq2)
ax.text(-1, .30, r"gamma: $\gamma$", color="r")
ax.text(-1, .18, r"Omega: $\Omega$", color="b")
plt.show()
2、latexify生成LaTeX 数学公式
import math
import latexify
@latexify.with_latex#调用latexify的装饰器
def solve(a, b, c):
return (-b + math.sqrt(b**2 - 4*a*c)) / (2*a)
solve
3、handcalcs生成LaTeX 数学公式
import handcalcs.render
from scipy.integrate import quad#借助scipy.quad实现积分
%%render
a = 2
b = 6
n=100
z = quad(f,a,b)
from math import sqrt,cos,sin,tan,asin
import handcalcs.render
%%render
#symbolic
f = a-c**2 / b + sqrt(cos(sin(b- 2 / c))) + tan(a/b) - asin(a/c) #Comment part
4、Latex symbols对照表
symbols爬取自网站：https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/text/mathtext.html、制作速查表。
plt.figure(dpi=400)
fig = sns.scatterplot(x='sepal length(cm)',y='sepal width(cm)',data=pd_iris,
style=geek[:150],#添加不同类变量按照不同marker显示
markers=[r"$"+geek[i]+"$" for i in range(150)],#自定义marker形状
**dict(s=320),
color='#01a2d9'
)
fig.legend(ncol=5,
fontsize=10,
loc=8,
bbox_to_anchor=(0.45, 1),
facecolor='#eaeaea',
)
sns.set(style="whitegrid",font_scale=1)
参考资料
https://matplotlib.org/tutorials/text/usetex.html
https://github.com/connorferster/handcalcs
https://github.com/google/latexify_py
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