背景介绍
今天我们来学习一下，使用Python如何绘制常见的二维图形。
教程代码可直接复制，粘贴到python的IDE中进行运行即可出图。
软件介绍
[软件名称]：Anaconda | Spyder
[软件安装]：可以参考下方这个推文
Anaconda的下载和安装
基础绘图
折线图
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
date = [0,3,7,10,15,20,21,25,26,30]
body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8]
# 绘制折线图
plt.plot(date,body_temp,
# 设置颜色
color = "r",
# 设置线型
linestyle = "--",
# 设置标记
marker = "o")
# 设置x标签
plt.xlabel("Date (day)")
# 设置y标签
plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)")
# 设置标题
plt.title("The change of body temperature")
# 设置x轴的标签
plt.xticks([0,10,20,30])
# 设置y轴的标签
plt.yticks([36,37,
38,39])
plt.show()
多条折线
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
date = [0,3,7,10,15,20,21,25,26,30]
body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8]
body_temp2 = [36.3, 36.8, 36.9, 37.1,37.5, 38.2, 37.9, 37.8, 37.7, 36.4]
# 绘制第一条线
plt.plot(date,body_temp,
color = "r",
marker = "+",
label = "Line1")
# 绘制第二条线
plt.plot(date,body_temp2,
color = "g",
marker = "^",
label = "Line2")
plt.xlabel("Date (day)")
plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)")
plt.title("The change of body temperature")
plt.legend()
散点图
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
date = [0,3,7,10,15
,20,21,25,26,30]
body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8]
plt.scatter(date,body_temp,
color = "r")
plt.show()
两个散点图
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
date = [0,3,7,10,15,20,21,25,26,30]
body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8]
body_temp2 = [36.3, 36.8, 36.9, 37.1,37.5, 38.2, 37.9, 37.8, 37.7, 36.4]
# 绘制第一条线
plt.scatter(date,body_temp,
color = "r",
marker = "+",
label = "Line1")
# 绘制第二条线
plt.scatter(date,body_temp2,
color = "g",
marker = "^",
label = "Line2")
plt.xlabel("Date (day)")
plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)")
plt.title("The change of body temperature")
plt.legend()
柱状图
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
date = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8]
plt.bar(date,body_temp,
color = "r")
plt.ylim(36,39)
plt.xlabel("Date (day)")
plt.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)")
plt.title("The change of body temperature")
plt.legend()
色彩斑斓的柱状图
通过给与三个或多个颜色连续性填充
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
date = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
body_temp = [36.8, 37.2, 37.6,37.8,38.5, 38.2, 38.0, 37.5, 37.6, 36.8]
plt.bar(date,body_temp,
# 填充三种颜色
color = ["r","g","b"],
# 填充形状
hatch = ["/"])
plt.ylim(36,39)
plt.xlabel("Date (day)")
plt
.ylabel("Body temperature (℃)")
plt.title("The change of body temperature")
plt.legend()
其他的填充形状
'/', '\', '|', '-', '+', 'x','o', 'O', '.', '*'
饼图
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
value = [100,200,300,400,500]
label = ["a","b","c","d","e"]
# 绘图
plt.pie(x = value,labels = label,
# 设置颜色
colors = ['y'
,'g','c','gray',"b"],
# 添加阴影
shadow = True,
# 添加百分比
autopct = "%1.1f%%",
# 设置标签距离
pctdistance = 0.8,
# 设置角度
startangle = 90)
空心饼图
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
value = [100,200,300,400,500]
label = ["a","b","c","d","e"]
# 绘图
plt.pie(x = value,labels = label,
colors = ['y','g','c','gray',"b"],
autopct = "%1.1f%%",
pctdistance = 0.8,
startangle = 90,
# 设置空心距离
wedgeprops = dict(width = 0.5))
箱线图/小提琴图
# 导入库
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 设置数据
data1 = [8,3,19,12,14,56,40,36,27,10,11]
data2 = [1,3,15,12,15,30,13,16,27,10,
11]
data3 = [8,3,10,12,14,56,67,36,27,10,100]
#箱子图
plt.boxplot([data1,data2,data3],
labels = ["data1","data2","data3"])
#小提琴图
plt.violinplot([data1,data2,data3])
