在python中将用短划线分隔的字符串数据转换为嵌套字典/列表

您可以使用列表理解:

myList = ['1-1-1', '1-1-2', '1-2-1', '1-2-2', '1-3-1']
_split = list(map(lambda x:x.split('-'), myList))
s, s2 = {a for a, *_ in _split}, {f'{a}-{b}' for a, b, _ in _split}
new_data = {i:{c:[h for h in myList if h.startswith(c)] for c in s2 if c[0] == i} for i in s}

输出:

{'1': {'1-2': ['1-2-1', '1-2-2'], '1-1': ['1-1-1', '1-1-2'], '1-3': ['1-3-1']}

IIUC,你想要的输出实际上是:

myDict = {
    '1': {
        '1-1': ['1-1-1','1-1-2','1-1-3','1-1-4'],
        '1-2': ['1-2-1','1-2-2'],
        '1-3': ['1-3-1']
    },
    ....,
    'n': {.....,'n-m':[....,'n-m-k']}
}`

这里有一种使用 itertools.groupby :

from itertools import groupby
myList = [
    '1-1-1','1-1-2','1-2-1','1-2-2','1-3-1', '2-1-1', '2-2-2', '2-2-3', '4-5-6'
]

# a helper function
def mySplit(s, max_split):
    return {
        v: list(g) 
        for v, g in groupby(
            s, 
            lambda x: "-".join(x.split("-", max_split)[:max_split])
        )
    }

myDict = {v: mySplit(g, 2) for v, g in groupby(myList, lambda x: x.split("-", 1)[0])}

print(myDict)
#{'1': {'1-1': ['1-1-1', '1-1-2'], '1-2': ['1-2-1', '1-2-2'], '1-3': ['1-3-1']},
# '2': {'2-1': ['2-1-1'], '2-2': ['2-2-2', '2-2-3']},
# '4': {'4-5': ['4-5-6']}}

通过一些工作,可以将其推广到任意数量的破折号。

如果可以接受整数元组,则可以使用:

x = ['1-1-1','1-1-2', '1-2-1', '1-2-2', '1-3-1']
y3 = [tuple(map(int,a.split('-'))) for a in x]
y2 = set(a[:2] for a in y3)
y1 = set(a[0] for a in y2)

d = {}
for k1 in y1:
    d1 = {}
    d[k1] = d1
    for k2 in (z for z in y2 if z[0]==k1):
        a2 = []
        d1[k2] = a2
        for a in (z for z in y3 if z[0]==k1 and z[1]==k2[1]):
            a2.append(a)

但如果您真的需要字符串,您可以通过以下方式连接键:

x = ['1-1-1','1-1-2', '1-2-1', '1-2-2', '1-3-1']
y3 = [tuple(a.split('-')) for a in x]
y2 = set(a[:2] for a in y3)
y1 = set(a[0] for a in y2)


d = {}
for k1 in y1:
    d1 = {}
    d[k1] = d1
    for k2 in (z for z in y2 if z[0]==k1):
        a2 = []
        d1['-'.join(k2)] = a2
        for a in (z for z in y3 if z[0]==k1 and z[1]==k2[1]):
            a2.append('-'.join(a))

d
# returns:
{'1': {'1-1': ['1-1-1', '1-1-2'], '1-2': ['1-2-1', '1-2-2'], '1-3': ['1-3-1']}}