这是一个基于年轻图表的方法。例如,4个篮子,6个鸡蛋,每个篮子最多3个鸡蛋。如果我们根据篮子的装满程度来订购篮子,我们就会得到年轻的图表。
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x
下面的代码列举了所有可能的年轻图表,并为每个图表列举了所有可能的排列。
同样的逻辑也可以用来计数。
from itertools import product, combinations
from functools import lru_cache
import numpy as np
def enum_ord_part(h, w, n, o=0):
if h == 1:
d = n
for idx in combinations(range(w), d):
idx = np.array(idx, int)
out = np.full(w, o)
out[idx] = o+1
yield out
else:
for d in range((n-1)//h+1, min(w, n) + 1):
for idx, higher in product(combinations(range(w), d),
enum_ord_part(h-1, d, n-d, o+1)):
idx = np.array(idx)
out = np.full(w, o)
out[idx] = higher
yield out
def bc(n, k):
if 2*k > n:
k = n-k
return np.prod(np.arange(n-k+1, n+1, dtype='O')) // np.prod(np.arange(1, k+1, dtype='O'))
@lru_cache(None)
def count_ord_part(h, w, n):
if h == 1:
return bc(w, n)
else:
return sum(bc(w, d) * count_ord_part(h-1, d, n-d)
for d in range((n-1)//h+1, min(w, n) + 1))
几个例子:
>>> for i, l in enumerate(enum_ord_part(3, 4, 6), 1):
... print(l, end=' ' if i % 8 else '\n')
...
[3 3 0 0] [3 0 3 0] [3 0 0 3] [0 3 3 0] [0 3 0 3] [0 0 3 3] [3 2 1 0] [2 3 1 0]
[3 1 2 0] [2 1 3 0] [1 3 2 0] [1 2 3 0] [2 2 2 0] [3 2 0 1] [2 3 0 1] [3 1 0 2]
[2 1 0 3] [1 3 0 2] [1 2 0 3] [2 2 0 2] [3 0 2 1] [2 0 3 1] [3 0 1 2] [2 0 1 3]
[1 0 3 2] [1 0 2 3] [2 0 2 2] [0 3 2 1] [0 2 3 1] [0 3 1 2] [0 2 1 3] [0 1 3 2]
[0 1 2 3] [0 2 2 2] [3 1 1 1] [1 3 1 1] [1 1 3 1] [1 1 1 3] [2 2 1 1] [2 1 2 1]
[2 1 1 2] [1 2 2 1] [1 2 1 2] [1 1 2 2]
>>>
>>> print(f'{count_ord_part(2, 26, 30):,}')
154,135,675,070
>>> print(f'{count_ord_part(50, 30, 1000):,}')
63,731,848,167,716,295,344,627,252,024,129,873,636,437,590,711
